Section 1 · Questions 1–10 · booking a photography course
🎧 Recording — Section 1 2 speakers · everyday conversation
A woman phones an adult learning centre about evening photography courses.
Questions 1–6 · Table completion
Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Fernley Adult Learning Centre — Evening Photography Courses
CourseEveningStart timeFeeNotes
Camera Essentials Monday

1 p.m.

7.15. “The brochure says it begins at seven.” → “that's actually a misprint. There's a yoga group in that room until seven, so the class doesn't get going until a quarter past.” Trap: 7.00 is the brochure's misprint, and 6.30 is when Megan finishes work. 🔑 বাংলায়: brochure-এ 7.00 লেখা, কিন্তু সেটা ভুল ছাপা — class শুরু হয় 7.15-এ (quarter past seven)।
 £120

2mastering

exposure. “the tutor does give a bit of buying advice … but it's only ten minutes or so. The real heart of the course is exposure.” Paraphrase: “mastering” = “the real heart of the course is”. Trap: choosing/buying a camera is mentioned but is only a small part. 🔑 বাংলায়: camera কেনার পরামর্শ মাত্র 10 মিনিট; course-এর মূল বিষয় হলো exposure।
People and Portraits

3

Wednesday. “Is that on a Monday as well?” — “No, that one runs midweek, on Wednesdays.” Trap: Megan suggests Monday and is corrected by the other speaker. 🔑 বাংলায়: Megan Monday ভেবেছিলেন, কিন্তু Martin বলেন এটা Wednesday-তে হয়।
 6.30 p.m.

4£

145. “It comes to a hundred and forty-five pounds. It's a bit more than Camera Essentials because a professional model comes in…” Trap: £120 (the first course) is repeated just before, and £160 comes later for the third course. 🔑 বাংলায়: model-এর খরচের জন্য fee একটু বেশি — £145; 120 আর 160 অন্য course-এর।

5daylight only — classes held in the room

art. “Her whole approach is about making the most of natural light, so instead of the little studio we've got downstairs, you'll be working beside the big windows in the art room.” Paraphrase: “daylight only” = “isn't keen on studio flash … natural light”. Trap: Megan asks about a studio, and Martin mentions the studio downstairs — but that is where they will NOT work. 🔑 বাংলায়: studio-তে নয় (Megan studio ভেবেছিলেন) — natural light-এর জন্য class হবে art room-এ, বড় জানালার পাশে।
The City After Dark Thursday 8.00 p.m. £160

6students must bring a

tripod. “You won't need a special lens, and you won't need a flash either. The one thing you really can't do without is a tripod.” Paraphrase: “must bring” = “can't do without”. Trap: lens and flash are named but negated. 🔑 বাংলায়: lens বা flash লাগবে না (negation) — অবশ্যই লাগবে tripod।
Questions 7–10 · Form completion
Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Course Booking Form

  1. 7Name: Megan

    Holtby. “It's Megan Holtby. That's H, O, L, T, B, Y.” Write the letters exactly as they are spelled. 🔑 বাংলায়: নামের বানান অক্ষর ধরে বলা হয়েছে — H-O-L-T-B-Y।

  2. 8Postcode:

    RG4 7DL. “R G 4, 7 D B. Oh, sorry, that's the office where I work. At home it's R G 4, 7 D L.” Trap: the first postcode (…7DB) is her work address — a self-correction. 🔑 বাংলায়: প্রথম postcode (7DB) অফিসের — বাসার postcode RG4 7DL।

  3. 9First class: Monday September

    21. “The brochure gives the fourteenth of September, but the hall is having a new floor put down … Your first Monday session will now be on the twenty-first.” Trap: the 14th is the old (printed) date — the plan changed. 🔑 বাংলায়: brochure-এর 14 তারিখ বাতিল (নতুন floor বসানো হচ্ছে) — প্রথম class 21 September।

  4. 10Also bring: camera (charged) and its

    manual. “People often ask whether they should bring a laptop, but there's no need … What we do ask is that you dig out the manual that came with your camera.” Trap: a laptop is suggested and rejected; the battery only needs charging (already covered by “charged”). 🔑 বাংলায়: laptop আনতে হবে না — camera-র সাথে আসা manual-টা আনতে হবে।
Section 2 · Questions 11–20 · a ranger's talk on an island nature reserve
🎧 Recording — Section 2 1 speaker · welcome talk
A ranger welcomes visitors who have just arrived by boat at Hallan Island.
Questions 11–15 · Map labelling
Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A–H, next to Questions 11–15.
cliffs beach Loch lighthouse ranger's hut JETTY (boats arrive) A B C D E F G H N E W S Hallan Island Nature Reserve

  1. 11Bird hide

    E. “if you carry straight on, heading north, the path takes you up to the loch … Where the path first reaches the water, you'll find the bird hide, tucked into the reeds on your left.” Walking north, left = west, so it is the spot on the loch's edge just west of the path end. Trap: A is near the loch too, but it is south of the loch and not on the northbound path. 🔑 বাংলায়: junction থেকে সোজা উত্তরে loch-এ পৌঁছালে বাম দিকে (পশ্চিমে) পানির ধারে = E।

  2. 12Seal-watching platform

    F. “another path runs west along the southern shore. Stay on it, go past the sandy beach, and right at its end, where it stops on the western coast, there's a wooden platform overlooking the rocks.” Trap: G is also in the west, but it is beside the loch, not at the end of the shore path. 🔑 বাংলায়: দক্ষিণের shore path ধরে beach পার হয়ে একদম শেষে, পশ্চিম উপকূলে = F।

  3. 13Ruined chapel

    C. “walk around the northern side of the loch, you'll eventually reach the lighthouse … just before it, between the loch and the lighthouse, you'll come to the old chapel.” Trap: G is west of the loch but not on the way to the lighthouse. 🔑 বাংলায়: loch আর lighthouse-এর মাঝখানে, lighthouse-এ পৌঁছানোর ঠিক আগে = C।

  4. 14Puffin viewing area

    D. “A lot of people make for the lighthouse expecting to see puffins, but in fact they don't nest on that headland at all … take the right-hand path at the junction, the one that runs north-east … There's a roped-off viewing area at the very end.” Trap: the lighthouse headland is named and rejected; B is beside the north-east path but not at its end. 🔑 বাংলায়: lighthouse-এ puffin নেই — junction থেকে উত্তর-পূর্বের path-এর একদম শেষে, cliff-এর উপরে = D।

  5. 15Picnic shelter

    H. “Take the shore path west from the junction, and it's a few minutes along on your left, overlooking the bay.” Walking west, left = south (the sea side). Trap: A is on the same path but on the right-hand (north) side. 🔑 বাংলায়: shore path ধরে পশ্চিমে হাঁটলে বাম দিক = দক্ষিণ, সমুদ্রের দিকে = H (A ডান দিকে)।
Questions 16–20 · Multiple choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

  1. 16Visitors should be at the jetty by

    A. “The boat … goes back to the mainland at half past four … he asks everyone to be waiting on the jetty a quarter of an hour before he sets off.” 4.30 − 15 minutes = 4.15. Trap: 4.30 is the departure time, and 5.00 was the earlier-season timetable. 🔑 বাংলায়: boat ছাড়ে 4.30-এ, কিন্তু 15 মিনিট আগে jetty-তে থাকতে হবে → 4.15; 5.00 পুরোনো সময়।

  2. 17Why is the path on the east coast closed?

    C. “The reason we've shut it is that a colony of arctic terns has laid eggs on the shingle right beside the path.” (laid eggs = breeding) Trap: the boardwalk “was repaired in the spring” (A), and that coast is “actually very stable” (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: boardwalk ঠিক করা হয়েছে, cliff-ও নিরাপদ — আসল কারণ path-এর পাশে tern পাখি ডিম পেড়েছে।

  3. 18What does the ranger say about drinking water?

    B. “What you carried over will have to last the day.” Trap: the tap “failed a quality test … only suitable for washing your hands” (A); loch water — “Even boiled, it isn't safe” (C). 🔑 বাংলায়: tap-এর পানি শুধু হাত ধোয়ার জন্য, loch-এর পানি ফুটালেও নিরাপদ নয় — নিজের আনা পানিই ভরসা।

  4. 19If visitors see an unaccompanied seal pup, they should

    A. “Just stay well back, and come and tell one of us at the hut.” Trap: “You'll want to help it back into the water, but please don't touch it” (B); “please don't go near it for a photo” (C). 🔑 বাংলায়: seal-এর বাচ্চাকে ধরবেন না, ছবি তুলতেও কাছে যাবেন না — দূরে থেকে ranger-কে জানান।

  5. 20Which attraction has been introduced this season?

    C. “What is new this year is a trail for younger visitors, with ten carved wooden posts … and a sheet of puzzles to complete.” Trap: evening walks “will have to wait until next year” (A); the webcam “has been running for three seasons” (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: evening walk এখনো শুরু হয়নি, webcam তিন বছর পুরোনো — নতুন হলো বাচ্চাদের trail।
Section 3 · Questions 21–30 · a dissertation on urban noise and health
🎧 Recording — Section 3 2 speakers · tutorial discussion
A student, Isobel, discusses her dissertation draft with her tutor, Dr Brennan.
Questions 21–26 · Multiple choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

  1. 21Why did Isobel change the focus of her research?

    B. “Far more people live alongside busy roads than under a flight path, so in terms of public health it just seemed the more useful thing to study.” Trap: “it wasn't that I couldn't get hold of the data” (A); the tutor had advised her to stay with aircraft (C). 🔑 বাংলায়: data পাওয়া সমস্যা ছিল না, tutor-ও বদলাতে বলেননি — রাস্তার পাশে অনেক বেশি মানুষ থাকে, তাই road traffic।

  2. 22What caused problems with Isobel's sound measurements?

    A. “Gusts … on breezy days the air blowing across the microphone pushed the levels right up, and I had to throw out about a quarter of my readings.” (gusts / breezy = weather) Trap: she “worried the meter might be unreliable” but it was checked (B); she “assumed I'd struggle to get permission”, but residents were welcoming (C). 🔑 বাংলায়: meter ঠিক ছিল, অনুমতিও পেয়েছেন — সমস্যা ছিল বাতাস (weather), তাই এক-চতুর্থাংশ reading বাদ।

  3. 23What is Dr Brennan's opinion of Isobel's response rate?

    C. “for a survey that people have to fill in and post back, you've done well. In my experience it's more often somewhere around twenty.” 31% > the usual 20%. Trap: Isobel herself is “quite disappointed” (A is HER view, not his); “around twenty” is the usual figure, not hers (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: Isobel হতাশ, কিন্তু tutor বলেন সাধারণত 20% আসে — 31% তাই প্রত্যাশার চেয়ে বেশি।

  4. 24What was Isobel's main finding?

    A. “It was all about the bedroom. People whose bedrooms face the road rated their general health noticeably lower … even though both groups were exposed to the same levels during the day.” Inference: the difference is night-time (sleeping) exposure. Trap: age “made almost no difference” (C); headaches “weren't any more common on the noisy streets” (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: বয়স বা মাথাব্যথায় পার্থক্য নেই — শোবার ঘর রাস্তার দিকে হলে স্বাস্থ্য খারাপ, অর্থাৎ ঘুমের সময়ের noise।

  5. 25What do they decide to do with the material on windows?

    B. “What if you kept all the detail but moved it out of the main text, to the end …?” — “As an appendix, you mean? I can live with that.” Trap: the tutor's “first reaction was that you should just cut it” (A) — he changes his mind; Isobel wanted to keep it (C) but accepts the compromise. 🔑 বাংলায়: প্রথমে tutor বাদ দিতে চেয়েছিলেন, পরে মত বদলান — শেষে appendix হিসেবে রাখা হবে।

  6. 26Dr Brennan advises Isobel to

    C. “a long list like that reads as if you haven't made up your mind … Then argue for that one properly, with your evidence, and mention the others briefly.” Trap: “I wouldn't spend time comparing what Paris or Berlin have done” (A); “I'd keep the letter for a blog post” (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: সব ব্যবস্থার তালিকা নয় — data যেটাকে সমর্থন করে (speed limit) শুধু সেটার পক্ষে যুক্তি দিতে বলেন।
Questions 27–30 · Matching
What comment does Dr Brennan make about each of the following sources? Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–F, next to Questions 27–30.
Comments
A  relies on data that is no longer current
B  is based on too few participants
C  is only useful as background reading
D  may not be impartial
E  is the source most closely related to her research
F  has been misinterpreted by Isobel

  1. 27international health guidelines

    F. “You've written that fifty-three decibels is the recommended limit at night. That figure is actually a weighted average across the whole twenty-four hours … So you've got the wrong end of the stick about what that number refers to.” (got the wrong end of the stick = misunderstood) Trap: Isobel calls them “the most important ones” (E) — that is her view, not his comment; they are “recent enough”, so not A. 🔑 বাংলায়: WHO-র 53 decibel আসলে 24 ঘণ্টার (weighted) গড়, রাতের সীমা নয় — Isobel সংখ্যাটা ভুল বুঝেছেন।

  2. 28the local authority's noise map

    A. “it's based on traffic counts from twenty-seventeen, before the new bypass opened, so it doesn't reflect the roads as they are today.” Trap: Isobel wonders whether it is independent (D) — “That's normal practice.” 🔑 বাংলায়: consultant দিয়ে বানানো সমস্যা নয় — data 2017 সালের, bypass খোলার আগের, তাই পুরোনো।

  3. 29research on hospital patients

    B. “it followed fourteen patients. You simply can't build much of an argument on a group that size.” Trap: “It's certainly up to date” rules out A. 🔑 বাংলায়: গবেষণাটা নতুন, কিন্তু মাত্র 14 জন রোগী — sample খুব ছোট।

  4. 30a manufacturer's report

    D. “remember who paid for it. They've got a product to sell, so treat their conclusions with caution.” (may not be impartial = possible bias) Trap: “hundreds of measurements” — the sample is NOT the problem (B). 🔑 বাংলায়: পরীক্ষা ভালো, কিন্তু টাকা দিয়েছে tyre কোম্পানি নিজেই — নিরপেক্ষ নাও হতে পারে।
Section 4 · Questions 31–40 · a lecture on the science of fermentation
🎧 Recording — Section 4 1 speaker · university lecture
A food-science lecture on fermentation. It plays straight through, with no break.
Questions 31–40 · Note completion
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
The Science of Fermentation

  1. 31Early history: oldest chemical proof of a fermented drink — residue on clay vessels from a settlement in (c. 7000 BCE)

    China. “the earliest chemical evidence found so far comes from a Neolithic village called Jiahu, in China, where archaeologists analysing pottery fragments detected traces of a drink … roughly nine thousand years ago.” Trap: Egypt/Mesopotamia is what “most will guess”; Georgia's wine residues are about 8,000 years old — younger. 🔑 বাংলায়: সবাই Egypt বা Mesopotamia ভাবে, Georgia-র প্রমাণ 8,000 বছরের — সবচেয়ে পুরোনো (9,000 বছর) China-র Jiahu-তে।

  2. 32Pasteur (1850s, Lille): called in when batches spoiled at a distillery that turned sugar into alcohol

    beet. “People tend to assume this was a wine-maker, but in fact the factory produced industrial alcohol from sugar beet.” Trap: grapes / wine is the assumption the lecturer rejects; “sugar cane” is a tempting guess from the frame alone. 🔑 বাংলায়: wine কারখানা নয় — sugar beet (চিনি-বিট) থেকে alcohol বানানো কারখানা।

  3. 33Buchner (1897): opened yeast cells by force, grinding them with before pressing

    sand. “Earlier attempts to get at the contents of yeast had relied on heat or on chemicals … Buchner's approach was purely mechanical. He crushed the yeast together with sand, and then squeezed the resulting paste in a hydraulic press.” Trap: heat and chemicals are the earlier, failed methods. 🔑 বাংলায়: তাপ বা রাসায়নিক নয় (আগের ব্যর্থ পদ্ধতি) — Buchner বালি (sand) দিয়ে yeast পিষেছিলেন।

  4. 34proved the process depends on rather than on whole organisms (Nobel Prize, 1907)

    enzymes. “When he added sugar to the juice, it still fermented, even though no living yeast remained. That proved that the active agents were enzymes.” Trap: Pasteur's view — fermentation needs “an intact, living cell” — is the one overturned. 🔑 বাংলায়: জীবিত yeast ছাড়াই fermentation হয়েছে — অর্থাৎ কাজটা করে enzymes, পুরো জীবিত কোষ নয়।

  5. 35Sauerkraut: gas from the species that starts the process removes any leftover

    oxygen. “the first bacterium to become active, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which gives off carbon dioxide. The gas pushes out whatever oxygen is left.” Trap: the salt “doesn't, by itself, make the jar airless” — it draws out moisture. Carbon dioxide is the gas, not what is removed. 🔑 বাংলায়: লবণ পানি টেনে বের করে; প্রথম bacterium-এর carbon dioxide গ্যাস বাকি oxygen বের করে দেয়।

  6. 36increasing eventually kills this species, and L. plantarum becomes dominant

    acidity. “It isn't the salt … Nor is it temperature … As the acidity in the jar climbs, it dies off, and a hardier species, usually Lactobacillus plantarum, takes over.” (climbs = increasing; dies off = killed) Trap: salt and temperature are both named as likely causes and rejected; salt also “hardly changes”, so it is not “increasing”. 🔑 বাংলায়: লবণ বা তাপমাত্রা নয় (দুটোই নাকচ) — jar-এ acidity বাড়লে প্রথম bacterium মরে যায়, তখন L. plantarum দায়িত্ব নেয়।

  7. 37Koji (Aspergillus oryzae): on cereal grains, converts into sugars — first stage of sake

    starch. “When it's grown on steamed rice or barley, it breaks down the starch into simple sugars.” Trap: “protein” is what it breaks down on soybeans — the note says cereal grains (rice/barley). 🔑 বাংলায়: চাল/বার্লিতে starch ভেঙে চিনি বানায়; protein ভাঙে soybean-এ — সেটা আলাদা।

  8. 38named by a brewing organisation in 2006 as Japan's national

    fungus. “in two thousand and six the Brewing Society of Japan declared it the country's national fungus. Most countries make do with a national flower or a national bird.” Trap: flower and bird are what other countries have; “mould” is said earlier but is not the title. 🔑 বাংলায়: 2006 সালে koji-কে Japan-এর national fungus ঘোষণা করা হয় — flower/bird অন্য দেশের।

  9. 39Kimchi: clay pots were traditionally sunk into the so the cabbage stayed cold but unfrozen

    ground. “It was packed into large earthenware jars, which were buried in the ground up to their necks, so that the contents stayed just above freezing.” Trap: the kimchi refrigerator is the modern replacement, not the traditional method. 🔑 বাংলায়: আগে মাটির জার মাটিতে (ground) পুঁতে রাখা হতো; kimchi refrigerator আধুনিক বিকল্প।

  10. 40Yogurt: key bacterium identified in Geneva (1905) — later named after

    Bulgaria. “Stamen Grigorov, working in a laboratory in Geneva, identified the bacterium … It was later named in honour of his home country, Bulgaria.” Trap: Geneva (Switzerland) is where he worked; Mechnikov was Russian-born and worked in Paris. 🔑 বাংলায়: Geneva-তে আবিষ্কার, কিন্তু নামকরণ Grigorov-এর নিজের দেশ Bulgaria-র নামে।