A young man phones a driving school to arrange a course of lessons.
Questions 1–10 · Form completion
Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Northgate School of Motoring — New Pupil Record
Pupil
1Name: Ethan ______
Haldane. "It's H, A, L, D, A, N, E." Trap: the receptionist suggests "Holden, like the old Australian car?" — he says no and spells it. 🔑 বাংলায়: Receptionist ভুল করে Holden ধরে নেন — Ethan "no" বলে বানান করেন H-A-L-D-A-N-E। Section 1-এ বানান অক্ষর ধরে ধরে লিখুন।
2Postcode: ______
NG7 4SW. "the postcode is N G 5 ... no, hang on, that's where I used to live. The new one is N G 7, 4 S W." Trap: he starts with his OLD postcode (NG5…) and stops himself. 🔑 বাংলায়: প্রথমে পুরনো বাসার postcode (NG5…) বলতে শুরু করেন, তারপর থেমে নতুনটা দেন — NG7 4SW।
3Driving experience: approximately ______ hours on public roads
15. "my aunt let me practise on the quiet country roads near her village, and I did around fifteen hours with her altogether." Trap: the "about two hours" with his dad were in a supermarket car park, not on a road — and adding them (17) is wrong too. 🔑 বাংলায়: বাবার সাথে 2 ঘণ্টা ছিল supermarket car park-এ (রাস্তায় না)। রাস্তায় চালিয়েছেন খালার সাথে — প্রায় 15 ঘণ্টা।
Lessons
4Type of car: ______
manual. "I was going to say automatic … But … their vans have gears, so they've said I need to learn in a manual." Trap: "automatic" is said first (and more than once) but rejected because of his new job. 🔑 বাংলায়: প্রথমে automatic ভেবেছিলেন, কিন্তু florist-এর van-এ gear আছে — তাই manual গাড়িতে শিখতে হবে।
5Length of each lesson: ______ minutes
90. "there's something in between. We do ninety-minute lessons" — "Yeah, let's go for that." Trap: an hour (60) is "a bit short" and two hours (120) "sounds exhausting". 🔑 বাংলায়: 1 ঘণ্টা কম, 2 ঘণ্টা বেশি — মাঝামাঝি 90 মিনিট। উত্তরটা receptionist বলেন, Ethan শুধু রাজি হন।
Arrangements
6Collection point: outside the ______ (Mill Lane)
cinema. "There's a bus stop right outside the library, so cars can't stop there, but just past it is the old cinema, with a wide space in front where you can pull in." Trap: home (narrow street), the college (permit-only car park) and the library (bus stop) are all ruled out. 🔑 বাংলায়: বাসা, college, library — তিনটাই বাতিল। Library-র ঠিক পরে পুরনো cinema-র সামনে গাড়ি থামানো যায়।
7Day of lessons: ______
Thursday. "there was an evening slot on a Wednesday, but somebody took that this morning, so in the evenings he's only got Thursday left." — "it'll have to be the evening one." Trap: Saturday (deliveries), Monday (Martin doesn't work), Tuesday afternoon (classes until five) and Wednesday (just taken). 🔑 বাংলায়: শনি, সোম, মঙ্গল, বুধ — সব বাদ। Ethan বলেন "the evening one" — মানে বৃহস্পতিবার সন্ধ্যা।
8Start time: ______ p.m.
7.15. "he can start you at half past six, or a bit later, at quarter past seven." — "Half six would be a real rush … The later one, please." Trap: 6.30 is rejected; six is when his class ends and nine is when Martin finishes. 🔑 বাংলায়: 6.30 তাড়াহুড়ো হবে, তাই পরেরটা — quarter past seven = 7.15। 6টা আর 9টা অন্য তথ্য।
9Price of each lesson with block booking: £______
48. "A single lesson of that length costs fifty-four pounds. But if you pay for a block of ten in advance, each one works out at forty-eight." Trap: £54 is the single-lesson price, and the student rate "stopped … in January". 🔑 বাংলায়: একক lesson £54; 10টা একসাথে নিলে প্রতিটা £48। Student discount আর নেই।
10Bring to first lesson: ______
glasses. "the optician's told me not to use them for a month, so for now I'll be wearing my glasses." — "Then make sure you've got them with you". Trap: contact lenses (not allowed for now), the licence ("You don't need to show him your licence … He checks that online") and shoes ("no need for special shoes"). 🔑 বাংলায়: Contact lens এখন ব্যবহার নিষেধ, licence online-এ check হয়, বিশেষ জুতারও দরকার নেই — সাথে আনতে হবে glasses।
Section 2 · Questions 11–20 · a volunteer briefing at a county show
🎧 Recording — Section 2 1 speaker · briefing talk
The volunteer coordinator briefs stewards before an agricultural show opens.
Questions 11–15 · Plan labelling
Label the plan below. Write the correct letter, A–H, next to Questions 11–15.
Ashcombe Valley Show — showground plan
11Information tent
H. "Information has moved further up, on the right-hand side of the path, just before you get to the ring itself." Trap: the spot "immediately on your left as you came in" (A) was the information tent for years — "This year it's been given to the first-aid team". 🔑 বাংলায়: Gate দিয়ে ঢুকেই বাঁ দিকের জায়গায় (A) আগে information ছিল, এখন first aid। Information এখন path-এর ডান দিকে, ring-এর ঠিক আগে — H।
12Food hall
C. "this year it's on the western side of the ring. So when you reach the ring, take the path round to the left, and you'll find it about halfway along, on your left, facing the ring." Trap: people look for food "near the bandstand" (F) because of the picnic tables, "but nothing's sold there". 🔑 বাংলায়: Ring-এর পশ্চিম দিকে, বাঁয়ের path ধরে অর্ধেক গেলে বাঁ হাতে লম্বা marquee — C। Bandstand-এর কাছে (F) শুধু picnic table, খাবার বিক্রি হয় না।
13Sheep and cattle pens
G. "right up in the north-east corner, where the river bends. They need to be near water, and the lorries can unload there." Trap: the vintage tractor display (D) is "between the ring and the river, on the eastern side" — "People hear the engines and assume the animals are there." 🔑 বাংলায়: উত্তর-পূর্ব কোণে, নদী যেখানে বাঁক নিয়েছে — G। Ring আর নদীর মাঝের জায়গাটা (D) পুরনো tractor-এর display, পশু না।
14Craft marquee
E. "It's at the edge of the woods in the north-west corner of the ground, right beside the big old oak tree." Trap: the first programme put it "next to the bandstand" — but the bandstand (F) is "at the northern end of the ring, directly opposite the main gate". 🔑 বাংলায়: উত্তর-পশ্চিম কোণে, বনের ধারে, বড় পুরনো oak গাছের পাশে — E। পুরনো programme-এ bandstand-এর পাশে লেখা ছিল — সেটা ভুল।
15Dog show
B. "this year it's down in the south-east corner. If you stand at the main gate and look over to your right, you can just see it, on this side of the footbridge over the river." Trap: last year it was "behind the bandstand" (north of F). 🔑 বাংলায়: গত বছর bandstand-এর পেছনে ছিল। এ বছর দক্ষিণ-পূর্ব কোণে — gate থেকে ডানে তাকালে footbridge-এর এপাশে — B।
Questions 16–18 · Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
16Why are the gates opening earlier than in previous years?
A. "It was the police who asked us to do it. Last year everyone turned up at nine o'clock at once, and the queue on the main road stretched back almost three miles." Trap: B — "there are exactly as many events as last year"; C — "it's nothing to do with the heat either". 🔑 বাংলায়: Event বাড়েনি (B না), গরমের জন্যও না (C না)। গত বছর রাস্তায় বিশাল জ্যাম হয়েছিল, তাই police অনুরোধ করেছে — A।
17What is new about the parking arrangements this year?
C. "What is different is that visitors who have trouble walking will no longer be sent all the way over there. We've set aside a section of the main car park for them, right next to the gate." Trap: A — "It's always been free, and that hasn't changed"; B — the overflow field opens "as in other years". 🔑 বাংলায়: Parking সবসময়ই free (A নতুন না), overflow field আগেও খোলা হতো (B নতুন না)। নতুন হলো — হাঁটতে কষ্ট হয় এমন মানুষদের জন্য gate-এর পাশে আলাদা জায়গা — C।
18What are volunteers told to do when they come across a child who is lost?
B. "So now, please stay exactly where you are with the child and call it in. Someone from the information team will come to you." Trap: A was the old practice ("In the past, stewards would walk a lost child to the information tent"); C only "if they're actually hurt". 🔑 বাংলায়: আগে বাচ্চাকে information tent-এ নিয়ে যাওয়া হতো (A — পুরনো নিয়ম)। এখন যেখানে আছেন সেখানেই থেকে radio-তে জানাবেন — B। আঘাত না পেলে first aid-এ না (C না)।
Questions 19–20 · Multiple Choice (choose TWO)
Choose TWO letters, A–E. Which TWO things are being offered at the show for the first time this year?
19First thing
C and D (in either order). C: "For the first time, the council is running a shuttle from the town square … you ride it without paying if you've got a show ticket." D: "a brand-new competition, for under-eighteens showing animals they've raised themselves". Trap: A — "It's been part of the show for as long as I can remember" (it is back, not new); B — "We'd hoped … but the mobile signal here is too patchy"; E — "We stopped those three years ago". 🔑 বাংলায়: নতুন দুটো — শহর থেকে বিনা ভাড়ার shuttle bus (C) আর 18 বছরের কম বয়সীদের পশু নিয়ে প্রতিযোগিতা (D)। Sheepdog আগেও ছিল, card payment হয়নি, fireworks বন্ধ।
20Second thing
C and D (in either order) — see Question 19. Choose a different letter from the one you chose for Question 19. 🔑 বাংলায়: Choose TWO-তে দুই প্রশ্নে একই letter দিলে একবারই নম্বর পাবেন। উত্তর C আর D।
Section 3 · Questions 21–30 · a tutorial on work-placement reports
Two business students, Hannah and Marcus, meet their tutor, Dr Kerr, after their work placements.
Questions 21–24 · Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
21What surprised Hannah most about the theatre's marketing team?
B. "Every decision came back to the figures … What I hadn't expected was how much of the job was analysis." Trap: A — "I knew the budget would be tight … so that didn't shock me"; C — her manager "checked everything I wrote before it went out". 🔑 বাংলায়: কম budget-এর কথা আগেই জানতেন (A না), নিজে কিছু চালাতে দেয়নি (C না)। অবাক হয়েছেন — কাজের বেশিরভাগই সংখ্যা বিশ্লেষণ — B।
22What was Marcus's main complaint about his induction?
C. "every session was run by HR, and none of them really knew what the planning office did." Trap: A — the tutor asks "Was the induction too short?" — "No, it went on for days"; B — "which you'd expect in a factory, and I didn't mind those". 🔑 বাংলায়: Induction ছোট ছিল না (A না), safety session-এ আপত্তি নেই (B না)। সমস্যা — HR-এর লোকেরা planning office-এর কাজই জানতেন না — C।
23According to Dr Kerr, what is the main weakness of both drafts?
A. "You've both described what you did, week by week, in great detail. And that, I'm afraid, is the problem … Examiners don't need to know what you did every Tuesday." Trap: B — Hannah expects this ("we hadn't read enough"), but "your sources are fine"; C — "hardly any grammar slips". 🔑 বাংলায়: Grammar ঠিক আছে (C না), source-ও যথেষ্ট (B না)। সমস্যা — প্রতি সপ্তাহে কী করেছেন তার লম্বা বর্ণনা, বিশ্লেষণ কম — A।
24What does Marcus finally decide to do about his ordering mistake?
C. "Okay, I'm persuaded. I'll build the report round it, then, instead of hiding it in a footnote." Trap: A — "I'd rather leave that out" is his first reaction; B — the draft only mentions it "very briefly", and a footnote is rejected. 🔑 বাংলায়: প্রথমে বাদ দিতে চেয়েছিলেন (A), draft-এ সংক্ষেপে ছিল (B) — শেষে রাজি হন পুরো report এই ভুল ঘিরেই সাজাবেন — C।
Questions 25–26 · Multiple Choice (choose TWO)
Choose TWO letters, A–E. Which TWO skills does Marcus feel he genuinely improved during his placement?
25First skill
C and D (in either order). C: "Spreadsheets, though, definitely … by the end I was building them myself." D: "it's really the way I plan my day … I had to decide what came first, hour by hour, on my own." Trap: A — "that was one phone call … so I wouldn't claim that"; B — he suggests it, but Hannah reminds him "you only did that once" and he accepts "Fair point"; E — "Hardly anything. It was all two-line emails." 🔑 বাংলায়: Supplier-এর সাথে দর-কষাকষি দাবি করেন না (A না), presentation-এর দাবি Hannah-র কথায় বাদ দেন (B না), লেখা প্রায় ছিলই না (E না)। উত্তর — spreadsheet (C) আর নিজের সময়/কাজ পরিকল্পনা (D)।
26Second skill
C and D (in either order) — see Question 25. Choose a different letter from the one you chose for Question 25. 🔑 বাংলায়: Choose TWO-তে দুই প্রশ্নে একই letter দিলে একবারই নম্বর পাবেন। উত্তর C আর D।
Questions 27–30 · Flow-chart completion
Complete the flow-chart below. Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–G, next to Questions 27–30.
A notes written on each day of the placement
B the employer's assessment of the student
C the objectives set before the placement began
D material published by the organisation
E concepts studied on the course
F the student's possible future careers
G work submitted by students in earlier years
Revising the placement report — recommended order
27Begin by looking again at ______, which will form the framework of the report.
C. "Instead, go back to the aims you agreed with me before you left, the three things you wanted to get out of the placement. Those give the report its backbone." Trap: G — "Many students start by looking up previous years' reports … They're useful later, for layout, but start with them and you'll write somebody else's report." 🔑 বাংলায়: আগের বছরের report দিয়ে শুরু করা ভুল (G)। শুরু করবেন placement-এর আগে ঠিক করা লক্ষ্যগুলো (aims) দিয়ে — C।
28↓ Choose a handful of turning points, using ______ as your evidence.
A. "don't rely on your memory for those … The diary you kept every day is where you'll find your incidents." Trap: D — the theatre newsletter "was written to make the theatre look good; it isn't a record of your experience." 🔑 বাংলায়: Theatre-এর newsletter (D) প্রতিষ্ঠানের প্রচার, আপনার অভিজ্ঞতার রেকর্ড না। প্রতিদিনের diary থেকেই ঘটনা বাছাই করবেন — A।
29↓ Explain each one with the help of ______.
E. "Make sense of each incident yourself first, using the models we covered in the module: Kolb's learning cycle, or whatever fits best." — Hannah: "So the academic ideas come before anyone else's opinion of us." Trap: B — Marcus suggests comparing with the supervisors at this point: "Not yet. Read the feedback first and you'll just agree with it." 🔑 বাংলায়: Marcus এখনই supervisor-এর মতামত দেখতে চান — tutor বলেন "Not yet"। আগে module-এর তত্ত্ব (Kolb's cycle ইত্যাদি) দিয়ে ব্যাখ্যা — E।
30↓ Check whether your own analysis agrees with ______.
B. "And only after that, open the forms your supervisors filled in, and see whether their view matches yours." Trap: F — career plans come at the very end ("And finally, finish with what it all means for your next steps"), after this step. 🔑 বাংলায়: তত্ত্ব দিয়ে বিশ্লেষণের পরেই supervisor-এর form দেখে মিলিয়ে নেবেন — B। ক্যারিয়ারের কথা (F) একদম শেষ ধাপে।
Section 4 · Questions 31–40 · a lecture on how DNA changed the story of horse domestication
An archaeology lecture on the evidence for where and when horses were first domesticated.
Questions 31–40 · Note completion
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
The Origins of the Domestic Horse
Botai culture (northern Kazakhstan) — the 2009 case for domestication
31Lower limbs: bones were ______ compared with local wild populations
slimmer. "The first was the shape of the animals' lower leg bones. These were slimmer than those of wild horses from the same region". Trap: "smaller" belongs to cattle, sheep and pigs — horses "don't show that pattern clearly". 🔑 বাংলায়: গরু-ভেড়ার ক্ষেত্রে domestic প্রাণী ছোট হয়ে যায়, ঘোড়ার ক্ষেত্রে না। Botai ঘোড়ার পায়ের হাড় ছিল বেশি সরু — slimmer।
32Wear possibly caused by a bit: found on some horses' ______
teeth. "You might expect a bit to leave its mark on the jaw itself, but what the team reported was wear on some of the teeth." Trap: the jaw is named first — as what you might EXPECT, not what was found. 🔑 বাংলায়: চোয়াল (jaw) না — ক্ষয়টা পাওয়া গেছে দাঁতে (teeth), যা লাগামের bit থেকে হতে পারে।
33Hydrogen analysis of fat on pots: some had come from ______
milk. "Some of the residues turned out to come from milk, which suggested that horses were being kept close to the settlement, not just hunted for meat." Trap: meat is the other possible source — the point is that some was NOT from meat. 🔑 বাংলায়: মাংস নয়, কিছু চর্বি এসেছিল দুধ থেকে — মানে ঘোড়া পালন করা হতো, শুধু শিকার না।
34Circles of postholes: soil chemistry pointed to ______, so probably horse enclosures
dung. "the soil contained unusually high levels of phosphorus and sodium. That pattern is consistent with dung". Trap: phosphorus and sodium are the chemicals measured, not what they point to. 🔑 বাংলায়: মাটিতে phosphorus আর sodium বেশি — এটা গোবরের (dung) লক্ষণ, তাই জায়গাগুলো ঘোড়া রাখার ঘের ছিল।
What the genomes showed
352018: Przewalski's horse should be classed as ______ rather than truly wild
feral. "Przewalski's horses are descended from animals that had once been under human control and later escaped, and, strictly speaking, the correct term for them is feral." Trap: "wild" is the old description ("the last truly wild horse"). 🔑 বাংলায়: এদের "শেষ বন্য ঘোড়া" বলা হতো, কিন্তু আসলে এরা পোষা ঘোড়ার বংশধর যারা পালিয়ে গেছে — সঠিক শব্দ feral।
362021: modern breeds descend from horses in the region between the Don and the ______
Volga. "The modern domestic lineage first appears on the western Eurasian steppe, in the area of the lower Volga and Don rivers, in what is now southern Russia". Trap: Anatolia and Iberia were candidates but "Neither … turned out to be the source"; the notes put Don first, the lecture puts it second. 🔑 বাংলায়: Anatolia আর Iberia বাতিল। উৎস দক্ষিণ রাশিয়ার Volga আর Don নদীর এলাকা — notes-এ নদীর ক্রম উল্টো, খেয়াল করুন।
37Rapid expansion across Eurasia: timing matches the arrival of the ______
chariot. "the timing fits closely with the appearance of the chariot, a light vehicle with spoked wheels". Trap: the "heavy, solid-wheeled wagons pulled by oxen" belong to the earlier migration into Europe. 🔑 বাংলায়: দ্রুত ছড়িয়ে পড়ার সময় মিলে যায় হালকা, spoke-চাকার chariot-এর সাথে। ষাঁড়ে টানা ভারী wagon আগের migration-এর।
38Gene GSDMC: breeders probably chose horses with a strong ______
back. "G S D M C, is linked in humans to a hardening of the discs in the spine … and it seems the breeders favoured animals with sturdy backs, able to carry a rider". Trap: "spine" and "pain" belong to the human link; the quality chosen in horses is a sturdy back. 🔑 বাংলায়: মানুষের ক্ষেত্রে এই gene মেরুদণ্ডের সমস্যার সাথে যুক্ত — ঘোড়ার ক্ষেত্রে বাছাই করা হয়েছিল শক্ত পিঠ (back), যাতে সওয়ার বহন করতে পারে।
39Gene ZFPM1: important for neurons that influence ______ — likely outcome: more docile horses
mood. "The other, Z F P M 1, helps the developing brain to form the nerve cells that regulate mood, so selection here probably produced calmer, more cooperative animals." Trap: "calmer" and "cooperative" describe the result, which the notes already give as "more docile". 🔑 বাংলায়: এই gene মস্তিষ্কের যে স্নায়ুকোষ mood নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে সেগুলো তৈরিতে ভূমিকা রাখে; ফলাফল — শান্ত ঘোড়া (সেটা notes-এ আগেই দেওয়া)।
The Americas
40Older histories relied on documents produced by Spanish ______
colonists. "most accounts of how Native American peoples acquired horses were based on the written records of Spanish colonists". Trap: the "oral histories" of the Lakota and Pawnee nations are the sources that the NEW dates agree with. 🔑 বাংলায়: পুরনো ইতিহাস ছিল স্প্যানিশ colonist-দের লেখা নথির ওপর নির্ভর। Lakota আর Pawnee-দের মৌখিক ইতিহাস নতুন গবেষণার সাথে মেলে — distractor।